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Mobile phone
A mobile phone, also identified as a cell phone (cellular phone), is an electronic telecommunications device with the same basic ability as a conservative fixed-line telephone, but which is also entirely portable and is not required to be connected with a wire to the telephone network. Most current mobile phones attach instead to the network using a wireless radio wave transmission technology. The mobile phone communicates via a cellular network of pedestal stations, also recognized as cell sites, which are in turn linked to the conventional telephone network.
In addition to the normal voice function of a telephone, a mobile phone can support many extra services such as SMS for text messaging, packet switching for way in to the Internet, and MMS for transfer and getting photos and video.
Some of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers include Alcatel, Audiovox, Fujitsu, Kyocera (formerly the handset division of Qualcomm), LG, Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Panasonic (Matsushita Electric), Philips, Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens, SK Teletech, Sony Ericsson, and Toshiba.
There are also
specialist communication systems related to, but different from mobile phones,
such as satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radio. Mobile phones are also
distinct from cordless telephones, which generally operate only within a limited
range of a specific base station.
Worldwide deployment
Radio phones have a long and varied history that stretches back to the 1950s,
with hand-held cellular radio devices being available since 1983. Due to their
low enterprise costs and rapid deployment, mobile phone networks have since
spread rapidly throughout the world, outstripping the growth of fixed telephony.
In most of Europe, richer parts of Asia and Latin America, Australia, Canada and the US, mobile phones are now widely used, with the mass of the adult, teenage, and even child population owning one. At present India and China have the largest growth rates of cellular subscribers in the world. The availability of Prepaid or pay as you go services, where the subscriber does not have to commit to a long term contract, has helped fuel this growth.
The mobile phone has become ubiquitous because of the interoperability of mobile phones across different networks along with countries. This is due to the equipment manufacturers all working to the same standard, particularly the GSM standard which was considered for Europe-wide interoperability. All European nations and some Asian nations chose it as their sole standard, whereas in Japan and South Korea another standard, CDMA, was chosen.
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